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Phenomenology is a philosophical discipline that attracts attention. What is special about it is that it uses the perspective of the experiencer to explore the inner nature of phenomena.
This represents a different approach from tradition, which has caused much controversy and is particularly important in the philosophical literature.
Phenomenology aims to explore and describe the nature of phenomena from the perspective of those who experience them.
This goal focuses on what and how the meaning of experience encompasses.
When discussing the psychological phenomenon of fear, we must not only understand the definition of the emotion of fear, but also describe in detail people's real experiences when encountering fear. For example, some people feel their bodies stiffen in fear, as if they have lost the ability to make independent choices.
This research perspective is very different from tradition and provides the possibility of in-depth understanding of complex phenomena.
When studying a certain art appreciation process, Phenomenology Society explores the depth of individual feelings and analyzes which link creates a unique shock.
Traditional research often starts from the outside, while phenomenology works from the inside out.
In past research, many scholars often ignored the inner experience of individuals, and the rise of phenomenology has just filled this gap.
It brings philosophy back from the heights of pure theory to the level of practical experience.
Different kinds of phenomenology arise from different understandings of the content and manner of human experience.
In academic research, different schools or scholars may explore from different aspects.
Take the Vienna School and the Berlin School as examples. Both have different emphases in constructing phenomenology. The Vienna Circle focused more on..., while the Berlin School focused more on....
The Vienna Circle tended to focus on the connection between phenomena and logic, and when analyzing philosophical issues, they tended to add more logical components.
The Berlin School may focus more on interpreting the themes explored in phenomenology from a sociocultural perspective. When studying community cultural phenomena, they pay special attention to the impact of social relationships on community members' cognition.
This type of difference can promote the comprehensive development of phenomenology from multiple perspectives, and at the same time provide specific means for various disciplines to use phenomenological methods.
The interesting thing about phenomenology is that, on the one hand, it breaks the development trajectory of Western philosophy since the time of Plato, but on the other hand, it is inextricably linked to Plato's thought.
Since the time of Plato, Western philosophy has generally taken the objective world as the starting point to explore truth. However, phenomenology takes a different approach. It pursues truth based on subjective experience.
When discussing the definition of time, rationalists believe that time is a uniform concept, while phenomenological researchers focus on the differences in how different individuals feel about time in different situations.
This distinction is like a new trend emerging in the long river of history, which has an impact on the existing philosophical cognitive structure.
The Western philosophical tradition has long had a sense of tragedy that humans cannot obtain objective truth.
This phenomenon seems to show a new light of hope under the shroud of pessimism. It attempts to add more color to philosophical research from different perspectives.
Husserl's main contribution to phenomenology lay in his attempt to conduct an objective study of subjective experience.
He tried to clarify the roots, attributes and structure of consciousness through systematic reflection, and then established a new discipline about consciousness.
In the field of psychology, when studying the recovery process of people after suffering psychological trauma, researchers will consider how we should analyze the changing factors of consciousness during this recovery stage at the level of consciousness.
We do not just focus on surface behaviors and external environments, but dig deeper into the conscious communication and interactions behind them.
The concept of intentionality proposed by Husserl is also very crucial.
Phenomenological research benefits from this key theoretical framework, which reveals the interplay between the content and structure of consciousness.
When studying dreams, intentionality helps us understand the connection between elements in the dream and the structure of the dreamer's consciousness. This involves a reorganization of memory elements or a true reflection of the subconscious mind.
Husserl focused on the science of consciousness, while Heidegger was more inclined to explore ontology and the fundamental meaning of existence.
When studying the process of artistic creation, Husserl tended to analyze the changes and formation of the artist's consciousness during creation, while Heidegger was more inclined to look for the demonstration of the essential significance of creative behavior to human existence from this creative phenomenon.
Heidegger did not agree with Husserl’s ultimate pursuit of essential knowledge. He insisted that the experience in consciousness is closely connected with the background in which it is formed and is difficult to separate.
When studying the sacrificial culture of ancient tribes, Husserl would deeply analyze the fundamental consciousness of the participants, while Heidegger would focus on the importance of existence in the sacrificial phenomenon from the broad background of the tribe’s social habits and life needs.
Phenomenology is not an empty theory and is of great significance in many research fields.
In research in the field of social sciences, especially when exploring social phenomena in different cultural backgrounds, this method can deeply dig into the actual experience of individuals, thereby avoiding the generality of macro-theoretical descriptions.
For example, when we explore cultural differences in holiday celebrations among different peoples, phenomenology can delve deeply into the inner emotions experienced by each participant during the holiday.
In medical research, when studying the impact of disease on patients' psychology, phenomenology allows us to delve deeper into the inner world of patients and understand their true feelings, rather than just making judgments based on medical data.
Phenomenology seems to be gradually becoming a mysterious key for in-depth exploration in many research fields. This key seems to be gradually receiving widespread attention.
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