In the traditional Chinese knowledge system, the expression "criticism" did not originally exist. However, Liang Qichao and Wang Guowei started the evolution of this concept in China under the influence of Kant's philosophy. This marked the starting point of a novel fusion of knowledge and culture.

In the discussion of the definition of art, modern art philosophy puts forward new perspectives. Compared with the traditional definition, this new definition breaks through the limitations of a single culture and opens up new ways for the comparison of different cultures and arts and the compilation of general history of art.

The new definition proposed by modern art philosophy is of great significance.

Traditional definitions are mostly limited to certain cultural fields. For example, in the field of traditional European art, definitions often emphasize its religious characteristics or the aesthetic pursuits of the upper class.

The new definition can cover art forms in more cultural backgrounds.

In African tribal art and Asian traditional art styles, new definitions help us understand their artistic value more deeply.

The birth of the new definition shows the process of in-depth discussion and redefinition of the deeper meaning of art in the context of globalization.

The new definition is helpful for art comparison and writing of general history of art.

As global exchanges increase, different cultures and arts refer to each other.

By displaying African art alongside European classical art in museum exhibitions, the new definition could fairly compare them.

At the same time, writing global art history is no longer limited by the specific definitions of different cultures, which makes it possible to construct a comprehensive and broad history of art development.

In the history of contemporary Chinese aesthetics, "image thinking" is a special concept.

It was once viewed as a "transitional concept."

But its long-term academic value cannot be denied.

In the early research on literary theory, it was used to explore the unique ways of thinking in the creation of literary works.

Literary and artistic theorists at that time often relied on the concept of image thinking when discussing poetry creation.

In the current linguistic turn and visual cultural context, the significance of "image thinking" has once again become prominent.

At present, visual culture is booming rapidly, and industries such as film and animation rely on image thinking to create unique visual images.

Animation producers need to use image thinking to create distinctive and eye-catching characters.

In the literary world, fantasy works in online literature widely use image thinking to create many strange and rich exotic worlds.

In the overseas series of interpretations, Zhou Lei's "technical viewing" insights have certain value.

She emphasized the key position of vision in the origin of modern literature.

Some modern literary works particularly emphasize the importance of visual perception when describing urban landscapes.

This helps to understand the origins of modern literature from a new perspective.

However, this view exaggerates the opposition between visual and literal.

In fact, text and vision often complement each other.

In the field of modern literature, the film and television adaptations of many works are a typical example of transforming words into visual images.

After novels such as "Fortress Besieged" are adapted into film and television works, the textual content shows a new look in visual form. This visual presentation is based on the connotation of the original work. The two complement each other and are not contradictory.

Combining the theory of "mass memory devices" with Foucault's later "biopolitics" theory, a novel perspective is proposed.

This perspective proposes that memory is the object of life governance, which leads to the concept of “memory governance”.

This situation has many manifestations in contemporary society.

Government departments actively disseminate positive historical events and manage related memories in the fields of policy guidance and cultural education.

Films (images) are reasonable as the primary object of “memory governance”.

Film, a mass media, has a huge influence.

Some Anti-Japanese War-themed films have shaped the public's collective memory through the reproduction of historical scenes, thereby affecting people's understanding of that period of history.

Documentaries play an important role in preserving cultural memory, such as those recording traditional skills, which are of great benefit to the inheritance of culture.

The "cross-border" phenomenon of "using poetry into lyrics" and "using text into lyrics" in Song poetry has constituted a special research topic in the field of poetry.

This phenomenon is related to the idea of ​​"living method".

The creations of poets such as Su Shi broke the constraints of traditional word styles and adopted poetry writing techniques.

This not only expands the artistic conception of the words, but also enables the words to express more thoughts and emotions.

The penetration of "living method" thought into the field of Ci studies is of great significance for the times.

In the Song Dynasty, scholarly thought was relatively restricted, and literary creation sought breakthroughs.

Ci writers draw lessons from other stylistic techniques, which is an innovative attempt in the field of literature.

They longed for a free spirit, which was reflected in content; at the same time, they opened up new paths for the advancement of vocabulary in form.

Liu Shipei's "On the Differences between Northern and Southern Literature" is the beginning of modern Chinese literary criticism.

He narrates the history of Chinese literature from a theoretical perspective using the distinction between north and south as a prior framework.

This is a paradigmatic rupture with the traditional discussion of the division between North and South as a specific stage in history.

This difference brings about different perspectives when studying literary history.

When studying the literature of the Tang Dynasty, if we follow the theory proposed by Liu Shipei, we will first analyze the differences in culture between the northern and southern regions.

The uniqueness of "Wen Xin Diao Long" in terms of theoretical argumentation lies in its rhetorical point of view.

Rhetoric is separate from nature and possesses the duality of good and evil.

This reflects a deep thinking in literary creation.

In the writing process, appropriate rhetorical techniques can make the article more vivid. However, if the rhetoric is excessive, it may have adverse effects.

For example, the rhetoric in Han Fu contrasts with the simplicity of Yuefu poetry.

What are your unique insights into these theoretical explorations and developments in literature and art?